Paris, the Lamborghini automobile company showing off the latest prototype Sesto Elemento hero known as the Six Element Concept at Paris Motor Show, France, on Thursday (30 / 9).
When kicked off the prime, click amazed Lamborghini able to invite hundreds of foreign journalists. The Italian car manufacturer to do a scene 'burn out' or by car along the road in place of the smoke cloud of smoke in the room. In fact, the action was only a mere simulation. Creative team claimed only menderukan car engine and use the smoke effects studio.
The technology is very proud of, the body is made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP). With the new material independently developed by the Lamborghini, the weight of this supercar is now only 999 kg. That has included V10 engine which produces 570PS power.
In its release, the company is based in Sant'Agata Bolognese was revealed, Sesto Elemento concept has two seats only, usually the work of Ferruccio Lamborghini's car for this. The car, also claimed to be very light because it is made of carbon fiber V10.
Another plus, automatic transmissions are supported with all-wheel drive steering system is able to be driven fast with 570 horse powered engine. As a result, the initial velocity of 60 miles per hour or equivalent to 100 kilometers per hour in just 2.5 seconds, while the maximum speed can reach 300 kilometers per hour.
Paris Motor Show 2010 officially opened specifically for foreign journalists during the two days. Prestigious exhibition was dominated by dozens of world-class tech environmentally friendly cars, hybird. Thus disclosed autoevolution site on Thursday yesterday.
The first day and this Friday, the exhibition only to the media that will introduce new cars or concept cars that might be launched next year or even still take a long time to produce. Almost all participants of the exhibition theme is "green" cars with the introduction of environmentally friendly hybrid technology. Low fuel consumption or fuel efficiency, low exhaust emissions, lighter weight vehicles so that pressing the fuel consumption is the advantage offered by all manufacturers.
Source site mentions some of the leading automotive company issued a hybird car capable of combining electricity and fossil fuels. He said global warming is still a major issue in the exhibition held at the Porte de Versailles it.
Toyota Europe president Didier Leroy stated in his press conference, Toyota remains consistent in its policy to develop environmentally friendly cars who recently became global demand. Therefore, the cars featured in this exhibition generally uses hybrid technology that combines electricity and fossil fuels. Some Toyota products on display and immediately marketed, among others, is the IQ, Auygo, Verso, Auris HSD, as well as concept cars Prius Plug-In Hybrid and the FT-86.
In fact, some of the leading automotive companies like Mercedes to Toyota, very concerned about exhaust emissions and fuel efficiency. "Global warming is still a major issue, alternative-fueled cars hybird still be an idol", said autoevolution. (Dly)
Citroen DS3 Present at the Video Clips Pixie Lott
London, Mini Car Citroen DS3 emerged as a model in the video clip's latest sensational British pop singer, Pixie Lott. Citroen has been claimed that this was the first time a car is a replacement product in music videos. Citroen and Pixie Lott made his video in the North East, London, for a new video titled "Broken Arrow."
The video was directed by Gregg Masuak, in the video that Pixie will be driving this car with the setting romantic scene in the face of losing someone you love and build new relationships. This video will be released on 11 October and her latest single is on the previous albums re-released and reached multi-platinum in 2009, "Turn It Up", with more than 600,000 copies penjulan in the UK.
"Pixie Lott is one of the most talented young singers and successful today," said Marc Raven, Communications Director of Citroen. "We are pleased DS3 chosen to appear in his new video and become a vehicle for emerging artists."
Pixie Lott is a singer and writer who was 19 years old multi-award winner from London. He gained fame when his first single debut in June 2009 "Mama Do" (Uh Oh, Uh Oh) managed to occupy top positions in the UK charts, with her debut album which managed to make 5 of his singles in a row entry in the Top 20 Singles. Pixie recently appeared as a guest judge on The X Factor.
To model Citroen Sports DS3 1.6 THP that appear in this video is priced at U.S. $ 25,189 (or equivalent to 225 million dollars) and this is the first model Citroen DS series. (Telegraph / Job / Dly)
Nissan and Chevrolet Compete So Best Cars
Detroit, Nissan Leaf Chevrolet Volt 2011 and 2011, including racing vehicles won Best Cars and Trucks North America (NACTOY) 2011.
Not long ago, the jury announced that three of the 14 (car seed) has a powertrain or engine that is not conventional. The cars of which include battery-powered cars Nissan Leaf, car hybrid gas-electric powered Chevrolet Volt, and 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid.
Meanwhile, manufacturers General Motors, Ford, and Nissan's best car list is dominated by the three models respectively.
List of other cars is the Audi A8, Buick Regal, Chevrolet Cruze, Chevrolet Volt, Ford Fiesta, Honda Sonata/2.0T/Hybrid, Infiniti M37/56, Jaguar XJ, Kia Optima, Mazda 2, Nissan Juke, Nissan Leaf, Jetta Volkswagen and Volvo S60.
As for the truck category consists of the Dodge Durango, Ford Edge, Ford Explorer, Honda Odyssey, Hyundai Tucson, Infiniti QX56, Jeep Grand Cherokee, Kia Sorento, Kia Sportage, Lincoln MKX, Mercedes-Benz R-Class, Porsche Cayenne, Toyota Sienna and Volkswagen Touareg.
Three finalists cars and trucks will be announced on 16 December. And for the winner will be announced in January next in the International Exhibition of Cars of North America. (ANS / Insideline / Dly)
Hatchback model uses IMA technology hidirida, without reducing the dimensions of interior space, with floor-level luggage that remain the same with Jazz models 1.2 and 1.4 present.
IMA battery and power control unit neatly stored under the trunk floor, so that folding the rear seats is still functioning as non-hybrid version of the Jazz.
This means the rear seats can still be fully folded so that space remains roomy trunk, or the chair remain functional for a comfortable seat vertically.
Jazz Kitchen spur is similar to the Insight hybrid and the CR-Z hybrid. Jazz hybrid also has features in common with the engine 1.3-liter i-VTEC on the Insight hybrid. Tests showed that the engine produces only 104 grams of CO2 emissions per km.
Just like the Insight and Civic hybrids, Jazz hybrid is also capable of driving only use electric motors with a speed of medium and low speeds, in addition to using a combination of gasoline engine with fuel consumption of 4.4 liters per 100 km.
Jazz minor changes hybrid version appears on the exterior, such as headlamps with a blast of blue in it, the backlight for a brighter, new grill front model, the modified bumper and the chrome tailgate garnish. Another extra is a new color called green metallic lime bespoke a more stylish. (Autoevolution / MLA / Dly) Liputan6.com
Rely Lamborghini Gallardo Blancpain Editions.
Paris Motor Show 2 October, will become an arena for automobile manufacturers to showcase their latest creations. Lamborghini, one of which rely on the Gallardo LP 570-4 Blancpain edition.
Created jointly by Blancpain and Lamborghini, the Gallardo LP 570-4 is made based on the development of the Super Trofeo, and 5:21 V10 engine taken from the Superleggera. This engine is claimed to produce 570 horsepower (hp).
With kitchen runway, the Gallardo is able boosted from zero to 60 km per hour in 3.4 seconds, and reaches a speed of 200 km per hour with additional time of 6.8 seconds to go a maximum speed of 320 km per hour.
Look of the Gallardo LP 570-4 Blancpain edition, looks a bit different with the production of Lamborghini in general. Alcantra 'black clad interior color accent with a touch of yellow and carbon fibers. Blancpain logo printed on the seat and cockpit with yellow stitching.
The exterior looks unique with the look and touch wheel skorpius yellow color on the brake device. Another uniqueness that makes it different is the mirror casing.
"This is the result of cooperation is very intense and dynamic than the two of us, and with a passion for innovation and mechanical perfection," said Blancpain CEO Marc A. Hayek. (Autoevolution / MLA / Dly) Liputan6.com
The new plant is an investment worth 500 million U.S. dollars, which will be funded by Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Ltd.. (CFMA), which is a joint venture of three companies including Ford, Changan Motors and Mazda Motor Company. The location of the factory was located precisely in the New North Zone, Chongqing.
"With the additional annual capacity of 400,000 units at the new plant, CFMA double the production capacity of existing machines currently 350,000 to 750,000 units per year engine," said Ford.
"This new engine plant will help drive our ambitious plans ekaspansi here, which is the world's largest car market," said Joe Hinrichs, Ford's president for Asia Pacific and Africa.
China car sales peaked 13.64 million units last year, took over the United States as the world's leading car market, while sales this year is predicted to reach 15 million units. According to Chinese government records, until the end of 2009, there were 76.2 million vehicles in the country.
Ford said that, beginning last September sales in China rose to 44,047 units for August, up 24 percent over the same period the previous year. Ford is optimistic, the company estimates 70 percent growth for the market in the Asia Pacific and Africa over the next decade. (ANT / MLA / Dly) Liputan6.com
Apparently the largest automotive company in South Korea, the company reportedly will attract Hyundai vehicles in the United States, is also very apprehensive, but this is not the worst compared to the Toyota Company, because they also attract more worldwide.South Korea: South Korea's largest auto company Hyundai plans to attract more than 140 thousand vehicles in the United States, on Sunday (26 / 9). Hyundai Sonata recall made in 2009 this type related to the steering problem.
Sonata is Hyundai's best-selling car in the U.S. market. This is evident from the sale of 35 percent. Hyundai said the plan was carried out as a precaution, although so far not reported any accidents.
Withdrawal Sonata heavily influenced by Toyota's move in recent months. Hyundai Recall is still relatively small compared to Toyota which attracts more than eight million cars worldwide. (BBC / WIL / MEL / Dly) Liputan6.com
In Jakarta, if we use our vehicles have to be prepared to face such thing as traffic jams on the road, would have a car or two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles, we must have the name stuck, because in Jakarta is very crowded vehicle. So get ready to face it alone. For that we must use our intellect. Why do I say so ...? Because we must spend a lot of fuel (gasoline).
Fuel efficient cars are now increasingly popular, especially urban communities that dense traffic, such as Jakarta. Congestion is getting worse make fuel consumption becomes greater. In addition to light in the bag, fuel efficient car that is considered more environmentally friendly because fewer gas dump.
Well besides the size factor of engine capacity, fuel pengiritan also be influenced by how to drive a car. There are several steps that can be applied, for example, first, do not step on the gas pedal stomping. Stamping must be stable and gradual. If you step on the gas pedal abruptly, auto fuel that will be sucked into the engine is also more and more. Meanwhile, at that engine speed is low. Consequently not all the fuel entering the engine room fire. This is called waste. Because, no fuel coming out in the form of energy, but go wasted through the exhaust.
Second, move the gear at low rpm. Especially for the manual transmission car, try to tooth movement, especially movement of the lower teeth (1 to 3) performed below the rpm 3000.
Third, measuring the level of HC and CO. Whether or not wasteful fuel consumption is also determined by engine components. Machine components that have a lot of wear or damage can cause incomplete combustion of fuel. To find out, check the exhaust emissions. If the results showed the value of HC (hydrocarbon) and CO (carbon monoxide) is too high, this is a sign of combustion in the engine is not perfect (lots of wasted fuel).
Fourth, consider the load and drive components. Another factor that determines the fuel consumption is a load and driving (driving vehicles). The heavier the burden that must be transported, their consumption will also increase. The meaning of such drive, clutch, bearings (wheel), coupling (propeller shaft), axles, and wheels. When components are worn or damaged, will cause loss of power generated by the engine to drive a car race. Meanwhile, fuel consumption is still large. Related to the wheels, tires and wheels embedding large, including the factors that affect fuel consumption. (Astraworld.com / MLA / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
London: Nursing the car one of them is determined by a routine oil change. Drain the old oil and fill with new oil, according to the specified time limit. The process is so simple, so many riders who like the person who tinkers cars sometimes do it yourself at home.
It only takes a few keys to opening and closing the bolt, and a container to collect used oil when removed. But, do these simple things still need prudence. There are many riders, let alone the general public who do not know the danger of used oil, if disposed of carelessly, either poured into the soil, rivers, drains, or perhaps in the incinerator. This action is not environmentally friendly.
Oil contains chemicals, including hydro-carbon and sulfur. Because the work lubricate metals, used oil also contain residual fuel, copper, iron, aluminum, magnesium and nickel. If the used oil dumped, then the content-the content contained therein, will be attached to the soil or mixed with water, then be absorbed by plants or animals that eat these plants.
To be sure, this content will make their lives disrupted, including those of us when the chance to consume plants or animals previously consuming these substances.
Burn the used oil was not recommended. Because the burning oil would create more and more pollutants in the air, which indirectly will give adverse effect on our health. Short-term effects are irritation to eyes, skin and even shortness of breath. Long-term effects if exposed continuously can affect brain health, reproductive system to cause cancer.
Instead, tampunglah oil-used oil in an empty container. Then, try to find the information workshops to know the places collect used oil, so we do not throw away the used oil directly. Or, if met with garbage collector, at least tell him to bring the used oil it and mention the danger if carelessly discard. Sometimes the garbage collector even know where the oil-used oil reservoirs. (AstraWorld / MLA / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
New York: Did you ever have problems with vehicles, such as machine suddenly broke down or flat tire while no one or friend who can be asked for help? Surely you will feel upset and worried.
Not infrequently, because of this issue, the rider also become victims of crime. Not only were robbed or stolen, but also become victims of fraud and extortion unauthorized tow truck.
But now such a problem easily solved. AstraWorld has launched a Blackberry application, which allows you to request emergency services assistance. You can download the application free of charge at astraworld.seatechmobile.com / bb /.
Simply select the menu ERA (Emergency Roadside Assistance AstraWorld), you'll connect with AstraWorld so that complaints and emergency situations that occur will be directly handled by the officer AstraWorld.
This new application also comes with a menu Tips and Trick as a source of information in addressing the problem, treat the car and drive the right way.
"Menu and its content we will continue to add and develop appropriate levels of rider needs," said Budhi Setiawan, Head of Marketing Communication and Portal AstraWorld.
Two menus will soon be complete is the information about the promo for member AstraWorld and Community Info that will contain programs from around the automotive group Astra. (AstraWorld / MLA / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
London: Riding motorcycles at night is different from driving a motorcycle in the daytime. More visibility limited, making you need to apply special tactics so you will be able to race with the fast but safe.
One obstacle is the view of the biker headlights of vehicles from the opposite direction. Different if you are in a car protected by a glass front, so that the biker did not have protective headlights were very disturbing. Even seeing the bright lights at night can cause momentary blindness.
Therefore, to avoid seeing the lights directly. Conversely, avoid also the use of lights on (high beam) as they passed by vehicles, especially motorcycles, so as not to interfere with vision.
You may feel very recognize the condition of the road, every sign-rambunya even when riding a motorcycle in the daytime. But the conditions will be different when driving at night. Lamp street lights that are less able to inhibit the view. For these conditions, the use of lights on (high beam) is also required.
Protective glass on the helmet you wear is also worth noting. In general, helmet use one type of glass shield (visor) which tend to be dark, so only suitable for driving in daylight. When night, the view became very disturbed. Therefore, make sure you also have a visor or wear lighter photocromatic visor. This type of automatic protective glass will become darker when the sun is hot, and will return more light at sunset.
Using a jacket or a helmet that can protect it will also help you avoid problems. To be better, also use a jacket or a helmet that has a sign that can emit light (spotlight), including the motor rear panels. This can help other riders recognize your presence so that accidents can be avoided.
The rest, driving a motorcycle or car would be so influenced by body condition and behavior of your own on the streets. Usually, driving at night after coming home from working all day, or come home from clubbing at discotheques, so the body in a state of tired and sleepy. The most important thing is to keep a safe distance to be able to brake properly, keep a safe speed in order to remain in control of the motor on the condition of the sudden, and certainly not reckless. (Autoevolution / MLA / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
New York: A designer and artist in the U.S., Karolina Sobecka, creating a simple tool to test the levels of carbon emissions or vehicle exhaust.
The system is made of two tools, namely mounted light cloud pictorial cardboard mounted on automobile exhaust, and the iPhone app that is placed on the car dashboard to monitor emissions or automobile exhaust.
The way it works, specially made cartons that will send the signal levels of carbon gases that come out of the tailpipe to the iPhone. The more carbon gases that come out, then the board will change color from green to yellow and red, so the driver or any person near the car can find out how severe the pollution caused.
The green color indicates lower emissions, ie, below 0.2 lb CO2/min. That means the car is burning fuel efficiently.
Yellow color indicates the level of carbon content at the level of being, ie, 1.2 lb or more CO2/min.
If the gas pedal is pressed, the color changes it will become increasingly apparent, whether to stay green or turn into yellow, orange and red.
The concept of a tool called Puff is relatively simple and can be applied by anyone. Cardboard appliance that too could be dismantled easily pairs. (Autoevolution / MLA / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
Tokyo: Kawasaki Z750R who just released a competitor who seems to be getting tighter, because the Japanese motor manufacturer
Other, Suzuki, also was preparing to launch the latest sport bikes, GSR750. Sketch of the latest motor has been released, although the goods themselves will be launched 2011.
Suzuki tongkrongan latest motor sport is no less fierce, and may look more frightening than the product naked sport bikes Suzuki has ever produced. The designers seem to try to create a model in the middle between the model and the B-King Gladius. However, GSR750 kitchen still carrying the same runway belongs GSX-R750, which already exists.
GSR750 is a result of the hard work of Suzuki engineers to create a motor that combines the comfort of driving with a mighty performance on the street, but still with a cost efficient production.
Because the chassis, frame and suspension are made of cheaper materials, in order to achieve a target price around 7,500 euros.
Apart from having to compete with the Kawasaki Z750R, All new GSR750 also must compete with FZ8 Yamaha, Aprilia Shiver and the Triumph Street Triple, if you want to penetrate the European market. But Suzuki claims it will be competing in motor sport market naked middle class.
Suzuki GSR750 engine will exhibit at the Intermot Cologne Motorcycle Show event, beginning next month. But Suzuki is also expected to release a complete photo and technical details. In addition, Suzuki expected to launch a smaller type that is GSX-R125, which had crowded into rumors lately. (Autoevolution / MLA / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
Indonesia Carlashes country has never existed and may be difficult to enter the Indonesian market, because markets will not fit, because this Carlashes made of false eyelashes for your car, if any, in Indonesia the price may not be achieved by the buyer. Price Carlashes definite high, that for me personally (the writer) is better money to eat alone. It's for people who like me yes .... sasah (As in Indonesia is also rich-rich) a lot of money and great wealth, too much corruption. heheheh ....
In London Carlashes or false eyelashes for the car penetrated the British market after stealing attention in the United States.
Carlashes is one powerful way to beautify your car. Its uniqueness has stolen the hearts of female motorists in the United States and Britain.
Besides the price is quite affordable carlashes also easy to use. Simply stick it on the top of the head lamp car with the help of double-sided adhesive then you will get a new look on your car.
Not only carlashes, Turbo Style Products also issued other products that also can enhance your car, such as Crystal Eyeliner, Hangers Bags, Stickers 'Princess on Board', and many more. No need to worry carlashes will damage your car's paint, because manufacturers can guarantee that the paint will not peel off when carlashes removed from your car.
"We are very pleased this product is getting tremendous response from the community, even one of the users of our products make a group on facebook dedicated to our products that already have more than 3,000 fans," said a spokesman for Turbo Style Products in London, yesterday . Carlashes priced at £ 16 or equivalent to Rp 224 thousand, interested?. (Telegraph / Job / Dly) Source: Liputan6.com
In Moscow: Russian automotive company Avtovaz expressed readiness of the European car market flooded with cheap Lada sedan Granta worth U.S. $ 6,200 or equivalent to Rp 55.8 million. Thus disclosed Igor Komarov, President of Avtovaz in Moscow yesterday.
Komarov said the car which is also known as 2190th Vaz was produced two models, sedan and hatchback. He added that the latest car designs that have resemblance with the previous sedan Kalina, but has many advantages more comfortable, safe and modern.
Planned, cheap car that was launched from mid-2011. While the French carmaker, Renault giving the green signal to develop a partnership with Avtovaz Granta for the middle to lower. In fact, Renault also took the initiative to get the right to sell Granta to Western Europe.
In the state of Indonesia when yes it can happen in Indonesia, so that citizens can enjoy Indoneisa such vehicles. Well .... hopefully there is a picture or entrepreneur plans to launch the latest cars, with high quality. (autonews / ARI / DLY) Source: Liputan6.com
But in its development, the function also extends mufflers. Not only as absorbers, mufflers presence also affects the engine performance, efficiency levels of fuel consumption, exhaust gas emissions to display aspects. Replacement of standard mufflers with aftermarket versions could be accurate solution to boost performance and appearance.
However, if the version of Talk aftermarket mufflers, appetite is also decisive in the vote. "If it's quality, it can be said a Japanese brand that is almost balanced, so stay a model that determines the appearance and price," said Dalvin, frontman CK Motorsport. In other words, the issue of product quality and increase in power output between the home country Sakura aftermarket brand, this could be bejaban.
From raw materials, stainless steel most commonly used for daily spec. While commonly used titanium racing because of factors that weigh more lightly. "Titanium mufflers can be used to make daily, but consequently more noisy exhaust sound," said Rudy, a retainer GR Racing garage.
Meanwhile, to increase energy, replacing mufflers with aftermarket versions can reach 2-3 dk dk soared, but if you want to be replaced following maximum pipe down or even all the headers. If it were so, 5 dk it's translucent, or even more. Not bad right?
Ever see a plate that read JASMA mufflers are you stuck in the drill? JASMA (The Japan Automotive mufflers Association) is an association of producers in Japan, which controls exhaust all mufflers are made in the country.
JASMA certification are compulsory for every mufflers that will be thrown into the Japanese domestic market or for export to other countries, indicating that already meet the standards of the Japanese government imposed regulations.
JASMA impose some requirements for each spec mufflers such roads, the noise level (must be under 93 db), the level of emissions produced and has a design that is not considered dangerous (such as tube size, distance to roads and lips tube exhaust must be parallel to the rear bumper) . Wow ..., if in Indonesia is still free-free alone tuh.
Buyers Guide
1. Tanabe G Fordan. Made for the Jazz GE8. Questions of quality, these mufflers are coded SUS 304 stainless steel which is the best grade. Problem increasing energy reaching 2-3 dk. For the price range of USD 5 millions.
2. HKS Silent Hi Power. Still for the new Jazz, the increase could force 2-3 dk. According to their type, the sound generated is still friendly. The price in the range of USD 5 millions.
3. Fujitsubo Wagolis. One of the leading exhaust manufacturer in Japan. This time for the Toyota Yaris. Still rely on stainless steel dilego USD 4.25 million. The increase in power is still around 2-3 dk.
4. Fujitsubo Power Getter. For Jazz GE8 center offered the following mufflers pipes. Translucent 5-6 dk which cost Rp 9.5 million.
5. Kakimoto GT Box 2006 & S. His name may not be so familiar to the ear. But the original, Kakimoto has long had a place in the Japanese mania for speed performance. Created GE8 Jazz. Material supplied stainless steel but with titanium lip making it look more beautiful. The increase in strength is not far with its rival, 2-3 dk. They cost a little more expensive, which is about USD 6 millions.
6. R Tune. Can be applied universally to all cars alias. This Japanese-made titanium material is so light weight. Can boost power up to 5-7 dk. Prices range from USD 3.5 to 4 million.
7. DC Sport. The only contestant American origin. Available mufflers plus pipeya down. For Honda Civic VTi and Streams that are still using 1700 cc engine. Power was also corrected to reach 5-6 dk. Prices reached USD 15 million.
8. Kansai type RS & S. For the following GE8 Jazz center pipe. The material consists of a mixture of aluminum and iron. Increase the energy to type S can reach 9 dk, while for the type of RS reaching 7 dk. For the price, type RS USD 5.3 million and 4.4 million for type S.
9. Kansai ST & GT. For the Suzuki Swift. For the type of increase to reach 7 dk GT and the ST reach 8 dk. The price offered is USD 1.7 million for the types of ST and USD 3.3 million for the GT.
10. Kansai for the Yaris. Made for the Toyota Yaris all types. Using the same material with other Kansai-made mufflers, a mixture of aluminum and iron. Cost Rp 3.2 million.
11. Jitsugen. Again locally made, but have doubts about their quality. Already using stainless steel. The following are offered down his pipe, so that the maximum increase in more power, range 5-6 dk. The price is pretty friendly, USD 3 million.
From: otomotifnet.com
Mufflers is to muffle the sound of the disposal process of waste gas in a car engine. Due to the absence of mufflers, the car's engine will sound very annoying. But in its development, the function also extends mufflers. Not only as absorbers, mufflers presence also affects the engine performance, efficiency levels of fuel consumption, exhaust gas emissions to display aspects. Replacement of standard mufflers with aftermarket versions could be accurate solution to boost performance and appearance.
Meanwhile, to increase energy, replacing mufflers with aftermarket versions can reach 2-3 dk dk soared, but if you want to be replaced following maximum pipe down or even all the headers. JASMA impose some requirements for each spec mufflers such roads, the noise level (must be under 93 db), the level of emissions produced and has a design that is not considered dangerous (such as tube size, distance to roads and lips tube exhaust must be parallel to the rear bumper) .
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The main function is to muffle the sound of the mufflers of the disposal process of waste gas in a car engine. Due to the absence of mufflers, the car's engine will sound very annoying. But in its development, the function also extends mufflers. Not only as absorbers, mufflers presence also affects the engine performance, efficiency levels of fuel consumption, exhaust gas emissions to display aspects. Replacement of standard mufflers with aftermarket versions could be accurate solution to boost performance and appearance.
However, if the version of Talk aftermarket mufflers, appetite is also decisive in the vote. "If it's quality, it can be said a Japanese brand that is almost balanced, so stay a model that determines the appearance and price," said Dalvin, frontman CK Motorsport. In other words, the issue of product quality and increase in power output between the home country Sakura aftermarket brand, this could be bejaban.
A jump in performance is undeniable. We know how it feels. Performance exhaust systems have many responsibilities. Perhaps no brand stepped to the plate as often as Borla. Racers, hot rod owners, crew-chief, and roadburners background of each go to Borla exhaust system because the name is synonymous with excellence. From lengths of pipe-bending to the Intercooler ™ Tips, Borla Exhaust System for your vehicle to give strength and voice pro possess. Cat-Back Exhaust, Dual Exhaust, Modified Headers ... you name it, these brands do. And with perfect results. If you are interested to set new goals, Borla Performance Exhaust System is always a score.
Depreciation Archive
The aim is to control the shrinkage archive file is created in a planned manner and to save the archive as material evidence of national accountability, and cost savings for space, equipment, maintenance and manpower. Understanding depreciation filing in accordance with Regulation
Government Number 34 Year 1979 Article 2
~ Archive storage system based on the number settlement system is one based on the file and then each group of issues or any problems given specific numbers.
~ Alphabetical filing system is one of structuring the system files that are commonly used to organize files sequentially from A to Z index based on the rules.
~ Archive storage system based on the principal problem is the file structuring system on activities relating to the problems associated with companies that use this system.
~ Archive storage system based on location / region is the arrangement of the file system based on place (location), area or region.
~ Archive storage system based on either the date received or the date of the archive file, the file system is based on the sequence arrangement of the date, month and year, which is generally used as a guideline date is the date of the letter.
Creation of the archive is the beginning of the birth of a file and determine whether any information will become an archive or not.
2. Arrangement Archive
Structuring the archive aims to organize and store information and physical records in a systematic and logical order can be found quickly and accurately, and to support the implementation of depreciation archive efficient and effective manner.
3. Use of Archives
Archive arsipmerupakan plays an important role because the basis for leadership for decision making in determining policy.
4. Back invention.
Pengelolaam archive is good and right will make it easier to find the necessary files back and not take too long.
5. File Storage
Archive storage and discovery quickly and precisely is the aim of structuring the archive. Each employee will complete the job was delayed filing required when there is not or can not be found again in time of need. Save the file in place of a regular, not necessarily able to guarantee referred archives can be found back easily, too. Rediscovery of the archive is closely related to the arrangement or storage systems are used, and depending on the dexterity of the archivist. Therefore it needs to think about the determination of the election system or storage arrangement in accordance with the needs archive.
namely:
Archive Management in Nuclear Fuel Technology Center. taken from (Emi Jumiyati)
1. Collection of texts or documents stored
2. Building / storage space or a collection of manuscript documents
3. Organizations or institutions that manage and store a collection of texts or documents.
Understanding of archives in the country of Indonesia, regulated in Law No. 7 of 1971 regarding Basic Provisions Filing, stating that the archive is:
1. The texts are created and received by the Institute of State and Government agencies in the form of any hue, either in a single state or a group within the framework of the implementation of the Government.
2. The texts are made and accepted by private agencies and / or individuals in the form of any hue, either singly or in groups for the implementation of national life.
Based on its function, then the archive can be identified as follows:
1. Dynamic Archive, which archives are used in the planning, implementation, management of national life in general, or used directly in Organizing the state administration.
2. Static archives, ie archives that are used directly for planning, organizing national life in general for the daily management of the state administration.
This is a static archive of national responsibility for government activities and values important point for future generations.
For example Proclamation archives, archives Youth Pledge, and others.
Dynamic Archive can be broken down into five, namely:
1. Active Archive, the archive that is used continuously for the continuity of work in environmental management from an organizational unit.
2. Archive inactive, that is archives that are no longer used continuously, or the frequency of its use is rarely, or only be used as reference only.
Based at the archive function, to be used or re-read an archives should be managed in such a way that they will be able to provide convenience when you want to use again. Similarly with the archives within an organization. Since the archives have a vital role for the life of the organization, then the archive to be managed properly so that if there are parties who need the archive, the archive can be given quickly and accurately.
Given the importance of records management within an organization can be expected to re-use old data, ease of data searching, anticipating the loss of documents / files and supports organizational success. To manage the archives, so it needed a good governance.
Tata Filing is a process archive management activities with the overall scope of activities of the archives cycle life cycle starting from the stage of creation, arrangement, use, re-invention, saving up to depreciation.
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Master pages are automatically applied to newly created pages, but how this happens is determined by the command you use to add the new pages:
The Document Master is applied to all pages in your initial publication. You can use a variety of methods to apply a different master to a page. To change one page or spread at a time: 1 Turn to the page you want to change. 2 Choose Window > Show Master Pages. 3 Select Adjust Layout on the Master Pages palette menu if you want objects and guides on the page or spread to be repositioned or resized as appropriate for the margins and columns of the master you are about to apply. 4 Click the master name or icon on the Master Pages palette. Note: If you apply a master to a page and PageMaker asks you to confirm that you want to apply the master, click Apply in the dialog box that appears. To prevent this message from appearing subsequently, deselect the Prompt on Apply command on the Master Pages palette menu. To quickly apply the same master to several pages throughout a publication: 1 Choose Window > Show Master Pages. 2 Choose Apply from the Master Pages palette menu. 3 Type a range of pages to change. If appropriate, use the Page Range text boxes to type a contiguous range (use a hyphen to separate the first and last page numbers in the range--as in 3-6), a discontiguous range (use commas to separate the numbers--as in 2, 4, 8), or a combination of both. For example, typing "1, 3-6, 10-" applies the specified master to pages 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, and all subsequent pages in that publication. 4 Do one of the following: 5 Select Adjust Layout if you want objects and guides on the specified pages to be repositioned or resized as appropriate for the margins and columns of the master you are about to apply. 6 Click Apply.
When you create a master page, remember that it has no effect until you apply it to specific pages. By default, applying a master does not affect existing objects on the page. So, if you apply a master with margins or column setups that differ from the page's original master, you might need to reflow text or reposition objects on the page to fit them within the new master's page design.
However, you can choose the Adjust Layout option on the Master Pages palette menu to have PageMaker automatically reposition (and even resize) text, graphics, and ruler guides on the pages to which the new master is applied, based on the margins and column setup of the new master. See Adjusting a layout automatically.
When you apply a master page (left), objects on the page are repositioned only if Adjust Layout is selected on the Master Pages palette menu (right).
In addition to using the default Document Master in your publication, you can create a master page from scratch, or create a master based on an existing master or publication page. If you plan to have several master pages that share one or more design attributes (such as position and formatting of page numbers), you can save time by designing the Document Master page or spread, and then basing additional masters on the Document Master, rather than creating each new master from scratch.
To make a new master from scratch:
1 Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
2 Choose New Master Page from the Master Pages palette menu, or click the new master button () at the bottom of the palette.
3 Type a name for the master, and specify whether you want a single page or a two-page spread.
If your publication is single-sided, you do not have the option of creating a spread. See Setting up pages for more information on creating single-sided or double-sided pages.
4 Specify the margins, number of columns, and space between the columns.
If you are creating a two-page master spread, be sure to specify columns and the distance between them for both left- and right-hand pages in the spread.
5 Click OK.
PageMaker displays the newly created master page in the publication window, and adds its name to the Master Pages palette.
To make a new master from an existing master page:
1 Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
2 Do one of the following:
# Drag the name of the master you want to duplicate to the new master button (). In the dialog box that appears, type a name for the new master, and then click Duplicate.
# Choose Duplicate from the Master Pages palette menu, and in the dialog box that appears, select a master to duplicate. Specify a name for the new master, and click Duplicate.
The new master page becomes active, and its name appears on the Master Pages palette.
To make a new master from an existing page:
1 Turn to the publication page on which you want to base a new master.
2 Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
3 Choose Save Page As from the Master Pages palette menu.
4 Type a name, and then click Save.
Objects and guides are copied to the new master, as well as master elements from the master page applied to the selected publication page. The new master page then becomes active, and its name appears on the Master Pages palette.
In addition to using the default Document Master in your publication, you can create a master page from scratch, or create a master based on an existing master or publication page. If you plan to have several master pages that share one or more design attributes (such as position and formatting of page numbers), you can save time by designing the Document Master page or spread, and then basing additional masters on the Document Master, rather than creating each new master from scratch.
To make a new master from scratch:
1 Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
2 Choose New Master Page from the Master Pages palette menu, or click the new master button () at the bottom of the palette.
3 Type a name for the master, and specify whether you want a single page or a two-page spread.
If your publication is single-sided, you do not have the option of creating a spread. See Setting up pages for more information on creating single-sided or double-sided pages.
4 Specify the margins, number of columns, and space between the columns.
If you are creating a two-page master spread, be sure to specify columns and the distance between them for both left- and right-hand pages in the spread.
5 Click OK.
PageMaker displays the newly created master page in the publication window, and adds its name to the Master Pages palette.
To make a new master from an existing master page:
1 Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
2 Do one of the following:
# Drag the name of the master you want to duplicate to the new master button (). In the dialog box that appears, type a name for the new master, and then click Duplicate.
# Choose Duplicate from the Master Pages palette menu, and in the dialog box that appears, select a master to duplicate. Specify a name for the new master, and click Duplicate.
The new master page becomes active, and its name appears on the Master Pages palette.
To make a new master from an existing page:
1 Turn to the publication page on which you want to base a new master.
2 Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
3 Choose Save Page As from the Master Pages palette menu.
4 Type a name, and then click Save.
Objects and guides are copied to the new master, as well as master elements from the master page applied to the selected publication page. The new master page then becomes active, and its name appears on the Master Pages palette.
In multipage publications, your design will be more cohesive if each page is built on a common foundation, or master page. A master page typically contains basic design elements, such as headers, footers, and page numbers, that are common to most or all pages in your publication. Master pages also contain nonprinting layout guides, such as column guides, ruler guides, and margin guides. Each publication can have a virtually unlimited number of master pages.
You can create, modify, and delete objects on master pages just like any other objects, but you must do so from the master pages themselves.
Each publication you open contains a Document Master page or (if the publication includes facing pages) a Document Master page spread. The Document Master applies to all pages in the publication until you specify otherwise, and -cannot be renamed or removed from the publication.
An icon representing the master pages appears at the lower left corner of a publication window in layout view. The letters L and R (for left and right) mark the master page icon for facing pages; a single-sided publication icon is marked by an R alone. Click the icon to turn to the master applied to the current publication page.
Double-sided master pages (left) and single-sided master page (right)
You can vary the number of columns on -different parts of the same page. For -example, you may want two columns on the top half of the page and three -columns on the bottom. You can mix columns in almost any combination within the limit of 20 columns per page.
Completed layout with different column setups
To create different column setups on the same page:
1 Choose Layout > Column Guides, type the number of columns you want to have in the top part of your page, and then click OK.
2 Position a ruler guide where you want the two-column format to end.
3 Position text within the first column down to the ruler guide. Then click the bottom of the windowshade handle.
4 Position text within the second column down to the ruler guide.
5 Repeat step 1, but this time type the number of columns you want to have in the bottom part of your page, and make sure that the Adjust Layout option is not selected in the dialog box. Then pull a ruler guide down and position it where you want the top of the columns to begin.
6 Place the rest of the text within the newly defined columns, or -select another document to place.
To adjust column widths, you can move the column guides by dragging them. The two lines forming the gutter between columns move together. Text and graphics already on the page are not changed in any way when you drag column guides.
The leftmost and rightmost column guides, which overlap the margin guides, move individually. (Moving these column guides does not affect the margin guides.) All other column guides move in pairs, so that the space between columns remains consistent.
Note: If you choose the Column Guides command after moving column guides manually, the word Custom appears for the Number of Columns -option. The space between columns remains as originally specified.
Once you have set up your columns, you can lock them in place to prevent accidental moving.
To lock or unlock column and ruler guides:
1 Choose View > Lock Guides.
You create columns to control the flow of text in text blocks that you place automatically, and to help position text and graphics. How you specify columns is determined by the command you use:
Before and after column guides are applied
~ The Layout > Column Guides command creates a specified number of columns of identical widths, fitting them within the margins of the page. If text or graphics are already on the page, PageMaker can reposition them to align with the revised column setup if you select Adjust Layout in the Column Guides dialog box. See Adjusting a layout automatically for details.
~ The Utilities > Plug-ins > Grid Manager command fits columns within any area you specify, or creates columns of a specified width. For more information, see Creating and applying layout grids.
You can create up to 20 columns on a page. (The default setting is one column per page, which is the entire area between the margins.) To save time and ensure consistency, add column guides to master pages rather than to specific publication pages. For more information about setting up columns on master pages, see Using guides with master pages.
To set up columns on a page:
1. Turn to the publication page or master page where you want the columns.
2. Choose Layout > Column Guides.
When facing pages appear in the publication window and you choose Column Guides, the Set Left and Right Pages Separately option appears so that you can set columns differently for each page.
3 Type the number of columns you want on the page and the space you want between columns (the gutter).
If you are setting left and right pages separately, type values for both pages.
4 Select Adjust Layout if you want existing text and graphics on the page to adjust to the revised column setup, and then click OK.
PageMaker creates the specified number of columns, equally spaced and equally sized.
Nonprinting guides are lines that help you position objects on pages but do not appear in print. These lines form the framework of the layout grid. There are three kinds of non-printing guides: margin guides, column guides, and ruler guides.
A. Ruler guide B. Margin guide C. Column guide
~ Margins are defined in the Document Setup dialog box when you first create a publication, and are applied to the Document Master page. Margin guides appear automatically on the pages to which the Document Master is applied. Master pages you create in addition to the Document Master can have different margins. You can change the Document Master margins using the File > Document Setup command or by choosing Master Page Options from the Master Pages palette menu with the Document Master selected. You can change the margins on other master pages only by using the Master Page Options command on the Master Pages palette menu.
~ Column guides serve as boundaries for text you place within them. Every page has at least one column, which is the area between the margins. When you specify multiple columns (with the Layout > Column Guides command, or when creating or editing a master page), PageMaker automatically creates columns of equal size that fit between the margins. To create unequally sized columns, use the pointer tool to drag the column guides to the positions you want.
# Ruler guides, like column guides, are non-printing lines that help you align items on a page. Unlike column guides, ruler guides don't control the flow of text; they help you align objects precisely.
You can define and revise each kind of guide separately, or you can use the Grid Manager plug-in to define and save a collection of margin, column, and ruler guides as layout grids; see Creating a grid. You can apply a grid to any range of pages in the publication, and reuse grids in other publications.
To display or hide the column, ruler, and margin guides on the page:
1. Choose View > Show/Hide Guides.
If you try to select an object but instead select a guide that overlaps it, you can press Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS) to select the object through the guide. Or, you can set guides to display in back of page elements throughout the current publication by choosing View > Send Guides to Back. (To set the option for all new publications you create, choose the command with no publication open.)
To force objects you move or resize to align with the nearest guide:
1. Choose View > Snap to Guides.
All -margin, column, and ruler guides exert a magnet-like pull on any tool, text, or graphic within 3 pixels of the guide. This option makes it easy to align text and graphics precisely to a guide, regardless of whether or not the guide rests on ruler increments.
The zero point is the position at which the zeros on the vertical and horizontal rulers intersect.
When you start a new, single-sided publication, PageMaker puts the zero point at the top left corner of the page. When you work with facing pages, the default zero point is at the intersection of the top inside edges of the facing pages.
You can easily move the zero point to measure distances from a specific part of your page or to customize the way oversized pages print. To avoid accidentally moving the zero point after you set it, you can lock it in place.
To move the zero point:
1. Position the pointer tool on the crosshair in the zero point window.
2. Drag to the new location.
3. Release the mouse button; the zero point is reset.
Before and after zero point is moved
To lock the zero point:
Choose View > Zero Lock.
To reset the zero point:
Double-click the zero point to reset it to the -default location.
You can temporarily override the current unit of measure when you type a value in any dialog box. For example, if you have specified inches as your publication measurement system but want to specify the top margin of your page as 6 picas, type 6p for the top margin in the Document Setup dialog box. PageMaker converts the measurement for you.
To override the unit of measure:
~ Inches: Type i after the number (as in 5.25i for 5-1/ 4 inches).
~ Millimeters: Type m after the number (as in 25m for 25 millimeters).
~ Picas: Type p after the number (as in 18p for 18 picas).
~ Points: Type p before the number (as in p6 for 6 points).
~ Picas and points: Type p between the numbers (as in 18p6 for 18 picas, 6 points).
~ Ciceros: Type c after the number (as in 5c for 5 ciceros).
Each publication window can include horizontal and vertical rulers that extend along the top and left borders of the window. You can display rulers when you need them and hide them when you want more room on the screen to view a publication. The rulers must be visible in order to manually create ruler guides, which are nonprinting extensions of the ruler.
When you need to precisely position text objects and graphics on a page, use the ruler increments. The increments shown on the rulers depend on the size and resolution of your screen, the unit of measure you specify, and the display size you choose. You can make any item you place, resize, or move align to the nearest intersection of tick marks on the invisible grid defined by the rulers.
Invisible grid defined by rulers
Because the rulers set up your layout grid, it's a good idea to choose a measurement system before you begin laying out pages. You can set the unit of measure separately for each ruler. For example, you may want to measure vertical lines of text vertically in points, but prefer millimeters for margins, tabs, and other horizontal measurements.
The horizontal ruler is set to picas; the vertical ruler is set to Custom, 12 points.
The horizontal ruler reflects the unit of measure used for most measurements in the publication. You specify tabs, margins, indents, and other measurements according to the measurement system reflected on the horizontal ruler.
You usually work with one unit of measure throughout a publication, but you can change to another unit of measure at any time. Guides and -objects already positioned using the original measurement system will stay in place, and might not align with the altered ruler tick marks.
To hide or display rulers:
1 Choose View > Show/Hide Rulers.
To select a measurement system and set the vertical ruler:
1. Choose File > Preferences > General.
2. Select the Measurement System option you want to use.
The horizontal ruler reflects the measurement system you select.
3. Select a Vertical Ruler option, and then click OK.
To use points for the vertical measurement, set the vertical ruler to Custom, and then type the number of points you want between tick marks on the ruler--typically this will match the leading for body text in your publication.
You can quickly clear one or more publication pages of the current master page's formatting (with the exception of margins) by applying the None master, which is available from every publication. By default, applying the None master removes only the objects, not the column and ruler guides, that had been on the previously assigned master page; but by using keyboard modifiers as you apply the None master, you can specify that column guides and rulers are also removed from the pages.
To remove master page formatting from several publication pages at a time, choose the Apply command from the Master Pages palette menu and select None as the master. The following procedure explains how to quickly apply None to the active page.
To remove master page formats from a page:
1. Turn to the page you want to change.
2. Use one of the following options:
Note: To apply any of the following changes to only one page in a pair of facing pages, press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) and click the side of the None master icon that corresponds to the side of the spread you want to change as you follow the step.
# To remove the master page objects but retain column and ruler guides, click None in the Master Pages palette.
# To remove the master page objects, column guides, and ruler guides, hold down Shift and click None in the Master Pages palette.
# To remove the master page objects and column guides but retain ruler guides, press Alt+Shift (Windows) or Option+Shift (Mac OS), and then click None in the Master Pages palette.
# To remove the master page objects and ruler guides but retain column guides, press Ctrl+Shift (Windows) or Command+Shift (Mac OS), and then click None in the Master Pages palette. (You can only apply this change to both pages in a pair of facing pages.)
When you revise master pages, the changes appear instantly on associated publication pages. You can add or manipulate text and graphics, and change guides or rulers on masters just as you can on any publication page. To change a master page's margins, however, use the Master Page Options command on the Master Pages palette menu, not the File > Document Setup command. Document Setup controls margins for the Document Master (and all pages to which that master is applied).
Note: To change column setup, turn to the master page and use either the Layout > Column Guides command or the Master Page Options command from the Master Pages palette menu.
To revise or rename a master page:
1. Turn to the master page you want to revise. (If you are changing the master's name or its margins or columns only, you can skip this step and go to step 3.)
See Displaying master pages and master page items for more information.
2. Add or modify text, graphics, or nonprinting guides on the page.
If you use the mouse or the Control palette to reposition guides on a master, the changes appear on associated publication pages, but the objects on those pages do not change position or size.
3. To change the master's name, margins, or column guides, either click the name of the master you want to modify and choose Master Page Options from the Master Pages palette menu, or press Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS) and click the name of the master you want to modify.
4. Type the new name and the new values you want for margins or columns.
5. Select Adjust Layout if you want objects and guides on the associated pages to be repositioned or resized as appropriate for changes to margins and columns of the master you are modifying, and then click OK.
To quickly open the Master Page Options dialog box, press Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS) and click the name of the Master Page you want to edit.
To delete a master page and all of the objects on it:
1. Choose Window > Show Master Pages.
2. Select the master page to delete, and either choose Delete [master name] from the Master Pages palette menu, or click the Trash button on the bottom of the palette.
3. When prompted, click OK or Delete.
Note: To bypass the prompt message when deleting a master page, press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) as you drag the pages to the Trash button at the bottom of the palette.
PageMaker deletes the master, and applies the None master to all pages to which the deleted master had been applied.
You must turn to a master page if you want to add or modify guides and objects on the master. (If you simply want to edit the name of the master or change margins or column setup, you can use the Setup command on the Master Pages palette menu. See Revising, renaming, or deleting masters.)
To turn to a master page, use any of the following techniques:
~ Click the master page icon at the bottom of the publication window to display the master page applied to the current page. If you are working on a spread with two different masters applied, PageMaker turns to the master applied to the right-hand page.
~ Click the right mouse button (Windows) or click the master page icon and hold down the mouse button (Mac OS) until the list of masters appears. Then select the master you want to view.
~ Choose Layout > Go to Page, and then select the name of the master you want.
Note: When the master page icon is highlighted, clicking a master name or icon on the Master Pages palette displays the master you selected. But when a publication-page icon is selected, clicking a master name or icon on the Master Pages palette applies the master.
The guides and objects on the master page appear on the pages to which the master is applied; however, you can specify that a page not display or output the items from its associated master page.
To display or hide master page objects on specific publication pages:
1. Go to the publication page you want to change.
2. Choose View > Display Master Items.
When the menu option is checked, master page items are visible on the page.
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